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September 3, 2004
Q. Most of us have heard of the "placebo effect," where patients with health problems begin to feel better even though the fake "medicine" has no active ingredients. How about placebo's "evil twin," the "nocebo effect"?
A. Nocebo is Latin for "I will harm." Here you expect a poor outcome and later you get one ("think sick, get sick"), even though there is no clear reason to explain this result, says Robert Ehrlich in "8 Preposterous Propositions." One example is assembly-line hysteria, where a few workers fall sick with vague symptoms like headaches or nausea, and soon many start to feel ill. Another is case-studied patients who think they're being given an emetic really it's sugar water and 80 percent do vomit!
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