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January 9, 2004
Q. How do deep-sea creatures survive at depths so great the hydrostatic pressure could crush a submarine?
A. Unlike shallower fish with gas-filled swim bladders for navigating up or down, deep dwellers are composed mostly of water, which resists compression even under great pressure, says Paul Pinet in "Invitation to Oceanography: Second Edition." How much pressure? Water is so heavy that just 33 feet of it (10 meters) adds the equivalent of 1 atmosphere of pressure, or 14.7 psi (10,000 kg/sq. meter). At 6.2 miles (10 km), make that 1,000 atmospheres!
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